शमो दमस्तपः शौचं क्षान्तिरार्जवमेव च |
ज्ञानं विज्ञानमास्तिक्यं ब्रह्मकर्म स्वभावजम् ||१८-४२||
śamo damastapaḥ śaucaṃ kṣāntirārjavameva ca . jñānaṃ vijñānamāstikyaṃ brahmakarma svabhāvajam ||18-42||
।।18.42।। शम, दम, तप, शौच, क्षान्ति, आर्जव, ज्ञान, विज्ञान और आस्तिक्य - ये ब्राह्मण के स्वाभाविक कर्म हैं।।
18.42 शमः serenity? दमः selfrestraint? तपः austerity? शौचम् purity? क्षान्तिः forgiveness? आर्जवम् uprightness? एव even? च and? ज्ञानम् knowledge? विज्ञानम् realisation? आस्तिक्यम् belief in God? ब्रह्मकर्म (are) the duties of Brahmanas? स्वभावजम् born of nature.Commentary Sama is control of the mind. Dama is control of the senses. Serenity and selfrestraint have already been explained in XVII.2. Austerity of the three kinds has also been explained in XVII.14 to 16.Astikyam Faith in the words of
Non-dualism. The individual self and Brahman are one. The world is appearance (maya). Liberation through knowledge.
।।18.42।।वे कर्म कौनसे हैं यह बतलाया जाता है --, जिनके अर्थकी व्याख्या पहले की जा चुकी है वे शम और दम तथा पहले कहा हुआ शारीरिकादिभेदसे तीन प्रकारका तप? एवं पूर्वोक्त ( दो प्रकारका ) शौच? क्षान्तिक्षमा? आर्जवअन्तःकरणकी सरलता तथा ज्ञान? विज्ञान और आस्तिकता अर्थात् शास्त्रके वचनोंमें श्रद्धा विश्वास -- ये सब ब्राह्मणके स्वाभाविक कर्म हैं अर्थात् ब्राह्मणजातिके कर्म हैं। जो बात स्वभावजन्य गुणोंसे कर्म विभक्त किये गये हैं इस वाक्यसे कही थी? वही यहाँ स्वभावजम् पदसे कही गयी है।
(Showing excerpt)
18.42 The natural duties of the Brahmanas are the control of the internal and external organs, austerity, purity, forgiveness, straightforwardness, knowledge as also wisdom [Knowledge refers to the understanding of subjects presented by the scriptures; wisdom means making them matters of one's own experience.] and faith.
This interpretation draws on the Advaita tradition and may not represent the view of any single school. For authoritative guidance within a specific tradition, seek a qualified teacher.
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